Shalom Aleichem...
Reflections is a weekly Christian Teaching Ministry. Each week we will talk about the Bible and lessons we can put to use in our daily life. We will try to, on a weekly basis, provide to you stories, thoughts, and just easy ways to live your life on a straight path.
THIS WEEK'S TEACHING....February 26, 2018
I got this question a few weeks back and with our Understanding Denominations Bible Study starting this next week, I thought it would be very appropriate to answer it today.
"Why are there so many religions? Do all religions lead to God?"
The existence of so many religions and the claim that all religions lead to God without question confuses many who are earnestly seeking the truth about God, with the end result sometimes being that some despair of ever reaching the absolute truth on the subject. Or they end up embracing the universalist claim that all religions lead to God. Of course, skeptics also point to the existence of so many religions as proof that either you cannot know God or that God simply does not exist.
Romans 1:19-21 contains the biblical explanation for why there are so many religions. The truth of God is seen and known by every human being because God has made it so. Instead of accepting the truth about God and submitting to it, most human beings reject it and seek their own way to understand God. But this leads not to enlightenment regarding God, but to futility of thinking. Here is where we find the basis of the “many religions.”
Many people do not want to believe in a God who demands righteousness and morality, so they invent a God who makes no such requirements. Many people do not want to believe in a God who declares it impossible for people to earn their own way to heaven. So they invent a God who accepts people into heaven if they have completed certain steps, followed certain rules, and/or obeyed certain laws, at least to the best of their ability. Many people do not want a relationship with a God who is sovereign and omnipotent. So they imagine God as being more of a mystical force than a personal and sovereign ruler.
The existence of so many religions is not an argument against God's existence or an argument that truth about God is not clear. Rather, the existence of so many religions is demonstration of humanity's rejection of the one true God. Mankind has replaced Him with gods that are more to their liking. This is a dangerous enterprise. The desire to recreate God in our own image comes from the sin nature within us—a nature that will eventually “reap destruction” (Galatians 6:7-8).
Do all religions lead to God? No. All people—religious or otherwise—will stand before God some day (Hebrews 9:27), but religious affiliation is not what determines your eternal destiny. Only faith in Jesus Christ will save. “Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life” (1 John 5:12). It’s as simple as that. Only Christianity—faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ—leads to God’s forgiveness and eternal life. No one comes to the Father except through the Son (John 14:6). It does make a difference what you believe. The decision to embrace the truth about Jesus Christ is important. Eternity is an awfully long time to be wrong.
DID YOU EVER WONDER???
We lost a giant of Christianity yesterday. I wanted to share with you some of my favorite quotes from Dr./Rev Billy Graham...
Being a Christian is more than just an instantaneous conversion - it is a daily process whereby you grow to be more and more like Christ.
When wealth is lost, nothing is lost; when health is lost, something is lost; when character is lost, all is lost.
My home is in Heaven. I'm just traveling through this world.
Courage is contagious. When a brave man takes a stand, the spines of others are often stiffened.
God has given us two hands, one to receive with and the other to give with.
A child who is allowed to be disrespectful to his parents will not have true respect for anyone.
God proved His love on the Cross. When Christ hung, and bled, and died, it was God saying to the world, ’I love you.’
I've read the last page of the Bible. It's all going to turn out all right.
God will prepare everything for our perfect happiness in heaven, and if it takes my dog being there, I believe he'll be there.
Nothing can bring a real sense of security into the home except true love.
BOOKS OF THE BIBLE...A TEACHING
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We finish the Gospel of Matthew. This is the final week in our study of the Gospel of Matthew. I pray it has helped you better understand the life of Jesus and His teachings.
For those of you who have talked with me or taken classes I teach, you know that Isaiah is a favorite of mine. With that said, beginning next week, we will be going through the Book of Isaiah. Teaching and learning the in's and out's of the Prophet. Hope you enjoy.
TRIAL OF JESUS
With the traitorous kiss of Judas Iscariot at the garden of Gethsemane, Jesus was arrested and brought before Jewish leaders (Matt 26:49–57; Mark 14:45–53; Luke 22:54; see John 18:2–13). Subsequently, He was tried by the Jewish and Roman leaders.
Jewish Trial
John recorded a preliminary examination by Annas (high priest A.D. 6–15), the father-in-law of the high priest Caiaphas (A.D. 18–37; see John 18:13–15). Annas questioned Jesus about His disciples and His teaching. Jesus did not answer his question, was then abused, and was sent as a prisoner to Caiaphas (John 18:19–24).
At Caiaphas’s house there was the gathering of the chief priests, elders, and scribes, the first of the two phases of Jesus’ trial before the Sanhedrin (Matt 26:57–68; Mark 14:53–65; Luke 22:54, 63–65).
The chief priests sought for those who would falsely testify against Jesus in order to put Him to death. Finally, two agreed to testify that Jesus had stated that He would destroy the temple and build it in three days. The high priest questioned Jesus on this, but He made no reply. Next, the high priest asked Jesus if He would make a claim that He was the Christ, Son of God. Jesus replied by stating that He was the Christ and further elaborated by referring to Himself as the “Son of Man” and predicting His future role from Daniel 7:13 and Psalm 110:1 as being seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.
Caiaphas, tearing his robe, interpreted Jesus’ claim as putting Himself on par with God and thus a blasphemy worthy of death. The soldiers mocked Jesus and spat on Him. Immediately after this it is recorded that Peter three times denied that he was a disciple of Jesus (Matt 26:69–75; Mark 14:66–72; Luke 22:55–62).
A second meeting of the Sanhedrin occurred the next morning, Friday, in order to find some semblance of legality to the verdict reached in the previous night trial and make an official brief for the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate (Matt 27:1–2; Mark 15:1; Luke 22:66–23:1).
According to Luke’s account the morning trial rehearsed the previous night’s trial with the exclusion of calling for false witnesses. The only charge they had against Jesus was one of blasphemy. However, the Sanhedrin lacked the power to carry out the death penalty, which was the Roman prefect’s prerogative (John 18:31). Hence, they brought Jesus to Pilate.
Roman Trial
Death may have been a valid punishment for blasphemy in terms of the Jewish law, but that would have been of little interest to Rome. New charges had to be formulated for Pilate (Matt 27:11–14; Mark 15:2–5; Luke 23:2–5; John 18:29–38).
Three accusations against Jesus were presented to Pilate: perverting the nation, forbidding the payment of tribute to Caesar, and proclaiming His kingship (Luke 23:2). Only the last one was of concern to Pilate. He questioned Jesus directly on this point, but Jesus did not answer him.
Being suspicious of the Jewish leaders’ motive for their accusations (Matt 27:13, 18; Mark 15:4, 10), Pilate found Jesus innocent. The Jewish leaders insisted that Jesus stirred up the people in Judea and Galilee. When Pilate heard that he was a Galilean, he sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, who was in Jerusalem for the Passover (Luke 23:5–7).
Although according to Roman law the accused was to be tried in the province of his misdeeds and not the province of his home, Pilate nevertheless sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, who ruled over Galilee. The reason for this was that Herod Antipas had recently reported to Tiberius that Pilate had caused an unnecessary riot in Jerusalem (Philo, Legatio ad Gaium, 299–305). Pilate did not want to make another wrong move that Herod Antipas could relate to the emperor.
On the other hand, Herod Antipas did not want to make a wrong move so that Pilate could tattle on him. In fact, both Pilate and Herod Antipas realized that any reporting done by either could jeopardize either or both of them, thus they made peace and became friends (Luke 23:8–12). It is not difficult to understand why there was no progress in this trial.
Jesus was returned to Pilate (Luke 23:13–16). Since the Jewish leaders were not placated by Pilate’s sending Jesus to Herod Antipas, Pilate tried to extricate himself by flogging and releasing Jesus (Luke 23:16, 22). Finally he attempted to release Him as an act of clemency at the Passover (Matt 27:15–23; Mark 15:6–14; Luke 23:17–23; John 18:39–40).
Although Pilate repeatedly confessed Jesus’ innocence (Luke 23:14–15, 22), the crowd was not satisfied until he released Barabbas, scourged Jesus, and delivered him to be crucified (Matt 27:24–26; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:24–25; John 19:16).
Responsibility for the trial, or mistrial, of Jesus rests squarely on both the Jewish and Roman authorities.
Jesus Delivered to Pilate
27 When morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death. 2 And they bound him and led him away and delivered him over to Pilate the governor.
Judas Hangs Himself
3 Then when Judas, his betrayer, saw that Jesus was condemned, he changed his mind and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders, 4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” They said, “What is that to us? See to it yourself.” 5 And throwing down the pieces of silver into the temple, he departed, and he went and hanged himself. 6 But the chief priests, taking the pieces of silver, said, “It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, since it is blood money.” 7 So they took counsel and bought with them the potter’s field as a burial place for strangers. 8 Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9 Then was fulfilled what had been spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, saying, “And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him on whom a price had been set by some of the sons of Israel, 10 and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord directed me.”
Jesus Before Pilate
11 Now Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus said, “You have said so.” 12 But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders, he gave no answer. 13 Then Pilate said to him, “Do you not hear how many things they testify against you?” 14 But he gave him no answer, not even to a single charge, so that the governor was greatly amazed.
The Crowd Chooses Barabbas
15 Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release for the crowd any one prisoner whom they wanted. 16 And they had then a notorious prisoner called Barabbas. 17 So when they had gathered, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you: Barabbas, or Jesus who is called Christ?” 18 For he knew that it was out of envy that they had delivered him up. 19 Besides, while he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent word to him, “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered much because of him today in a dream.” 20 Now the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for Barabbas and destroy Jesus. 21 The governor again said to them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” And they said, “Barabbas.” 22 Pilate said to them, “Then what shall I do with Jesus who is called Christ?” They all said, “Let him be crucified!” 23 And he said, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they shouted all the more, “Let him be crucified!”
Pilate Delivers Jesus to Be Crucified
24 So when Pilate saw that he was gaining nothing, but rather that a riot was beginning, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying, “I am innocent of this man’s blood; see to it yourselves.” 25 And all the people answered, “His blood be on us and on our children!” 26 Then he released for them Barabbas, and having scourged Jesus, delivered him to be crucified.
Jesus Is Mocked
27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the governor’s headquarters, and they gathered the whole battalion before him. 28 And they stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him, 29 and twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30 And they spit on him and took the reed and struck him on the head. 31 And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the robe and put his own clothes on him and led him away to crucify him.
The Crucifixion
32 pAs they went out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name. They compelled this man to carry his cross. 33 And when they came to a place called Golgotha (which means Place of a Skull), 34 they offered him wine to drink, mixed with gall, but when he tasted it, he would not drink it. 35 And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. 36 Then they sat down and kept watch over him there. 37 And over his head they put the charge against him, which read, “This is Jesus, the King of the Jews.” 38 Then two robbers were crucified with him, one on the right and one on the left. 39 And those who passed by derided him, wagging their heads 40 and saying, “You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross.” 41 So also the chief priests, with the scribes and elders, mocked him, saying, 42 “He saved others; he cannot save himself. He is the King of Israel; let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43 He trusts in God; let God deliver him now, if he desires him. For he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ” 44 And the robbers who were crucified with him also reviled him in the same way.
The Death of Jesus
45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 47 And some of the bystanders, hearing it, said, “This man is calling Elijah.” 48 And one of them at once ran and took a sponge, filled it with sour wine, and put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink. 49 But the others said, “Wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to save him.” 50 And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice and yielded up his spirit.
51 And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split. 52 The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised, 53 and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many. 54 When the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus, saw the earthquake and what took place, they were filled with awe and said, “Truly this was the Son of God!”
55 There were also many women there, looking on from a distance, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering to him, 56 among whom were Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Joseph and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
Jesus Is Buried
57 When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who also was a disciple of Jesus. 58 He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him. 59 And Joseph took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen shroud 60 and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut in the rock. And he rolled a great stone to the entrance of the tomb and went away. 61 Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were there, sitting opposite the tomb.
The Guard at the Tomb
62 The next day, that is, after the day of Preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered before Pilate 63 and said, “Sir, we remember how that impostor said, while he was still alive, ‘After three days I will rise.’ 64 Therefore order the tomb to be made secure until the third day, lest his disciples go and steal him away and tell the people, ‘He has risen from the dead,’ and the last fraud will be worse than the first.” 65 Pilate said to them, “You have a guard of soldiers. Go, make it as secure as you can.” 66 So they went and made the tomb secure by sealing the stone and setting a guard.
Mission to the Gentiles
Finally, Matthew’s gospel contains a tension between the particularism of God’s covenant with Abraham and the universalism of the church’s mission to the Gentiles. On the one hand, Jesus twice explains that his ministry was limited to the Jews and was not for Gentiles (10:5–6; 15:24–26). On the other hand, there are numerous references to God’s exclusion of stubborn Israel (3:9; 8:11–12; 11:20–24; 12:41–42; 13:14–15; 21:41–43; 22:3, 8; 23:5–38; 27:25), while believing Gentiles enter the kingdom. For example, Rahab and Ruth, both Gentiles, appear in Jesus’ genealogy (1:5); the pagan “Magi” (the standard term for a magician or sorcerer) arrive to worship the infant Jesus, while Jerusalem’s leaders remain unaware of his birth (2:1–12); and the gospel concludes with a charge for worldwide missions: “Go … and make disciples of all nations!” (28:19; see also 4:15–16, 25; 8:5–13; 10:18–20; 12:18–21; 13:37–38; 15:21–28; 21:43; 22:1–10; 24:14; 27:54).
The apparent tension is resolved in Matthew’s conviction that the OT hope of God’s kingdom becoming a light for all nations is now realized in Jesus (12:15–21, in fulfillment of Isa 42:1–4). The Messiah offered himself first to the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in fulfillment of God’s covenant promises. After Jesus’ final rejection in Jerusalem, however, the gospel is extended universally to all “outsiders.”15 This gospel mission created an ongoing challenge for Matthew’s community: offering a Jewish Messiah, largely ignored by Judaism, to the pagan Gentile world.
The Resurrection
28 Now after the Sabbath, toward the dawn of the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb. 2 And behold, there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled back the stone and sat on it. 3 His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow. 4 And for fear of him the guards trembled and became like dead men. 5 But the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you seek Jesus who was crucified. 6 He is not here, for he has risen, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay. 7 Then go quickly and tell his disciples that he has risen from the dead, and behold, he is going before you to Galilee; there you will see him. See, I have told you.” 8 So they departed quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. 9 And behold, Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him. 10 Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid; go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee, and there they will see me.”
The Report of the Guard
11 While they were going, behold, some of the guard went into the city and told the chief priests all that had taken place. 12 And when they had assembled with the elders and taken counsel, they gave a sufficient sum of money to the soldiers 13 and said, “Tell people, ‘His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were asleep.’ 14 And if this comes to the governor’s ears, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble.” 15 So they took the money and did as they were directed. And this story has been spread among the Jews to this day.
The Great Commission
16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. 17 And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
The resurrection and mission of Jesus
Empty tomb and risen Lord
(28:1–10)
The sabbath is over. It is the first day of the week. Mary of Magdala and ‘the other Mary’ go to look at Jesus’ tomb. The ‘other Mary’ is the mother of James and Joseph (27:56). Matthew has already told us that they are two women who watched as Jesus died and also saw where he was buried (27:61).
There is a violent earthquake—as there was when Jesus died. An angel of the Lord appears, rolls back the stone from the entrance to the tomb and sits on it. The guards are paralysed with fear. Matthew attempts an imaginative description of the actual event—something from which the other Gospel writers hold back.
The angel explains to the women that Jesus is no longer in the tomb. He shows them the place where his body had been laid—as they well remember. He urges them to tell the other disciples that Jesus is risen from death and will see them in Galilee.
None of the Gospels describes the actual resurrection of Jesus. Matthew gives the most dramatic account of the events surrounding it, with a violent earthquake and dazzling angel. The angel’s appearance is like lightning and his clothes as white as snow. This is how some of the Bible writers describe the indescribable—the glory of heaven appearing on earth. This angel is God at work.
As time goes by, there will be more sensational versions of this story, as people strive to convey a unique and world-changing event. Compared with these, Matthew’s account is relatively simple and restrained. Even so, he conveys the earth-shaking power and stunned bewilderment of the first Easter morning.
As the women hurry from the tomb, Jesus meets them. Matthew doesn’t describe his appearance, but says that the women worship him and are able to hold his feet. He is present with them, alive and tangible.
Jesus’ greeting is downbeat and informal, like saying, ‘Hello.’ He tells the women not to be afraid, and sends a message to his disciples, whom he calls ‘my brothers’. The denials and desertions of the last few days have done nothing to dim his love for them or change their relationship. He promises to meet them in Galilee.
It is exciting that Jesus asks women to be his witnesses. Their evidence would not be allowed in a Jewish court. It is also striking that he prefers to appear in Galilee, rather than Jerusalem. The risen Christ is challenging assumptions about people and places.
Matthew has already quoted Isaiah’s words about Galilee, which is regarded by strict Jews as cosmopolitan and corrupt:
The people walking in darkness
have seen a great light;
on those living in the land of the shadow of death
a light has dawned (Isaiah 9:2).
While Jerusalem rejects and kills God’s Messiah, Galilee is a place of new beginnings.
An attempt to conceal the truth
(28:11–15)
Matthew concludes his story about the guards. They go to the chief priests and tell them what has happened. The priests bribe them to say that the disciples stole Jesus’ body while they were asleep. Matthew is concerned that, years later, this damaging lie is still being circulated among the Jews.
The great commission
(28:16–20)
The eleven disciples meet with Jesus on a mountain in Galilee. It was on a mountain that Jesus gave them his new commandments. Matthew likes to show Jesus as the new Moses.
Matthew captures the moment when the disciples first see Jesus in his risen life. The truth dawns on them slowly—some worshipping, while others hesitate.
Jesus tells them that he is now the Lord of all things. Satan had once offered him ‘all the kingdoms of the world and their splendour’ (4:8). Now Jesus has all authority both on earth and in heaven.
Jesus commissions his disciples to continue his work. They are to go to all nations now—not just Israel, as in the past. The gospel is for the Gentiles too. They are to baptize all people, as a sign that they belong to Christ and are clean and ready for his return. This baptism is to be in the name of the one God, who is Father, Son and Holy Spirit. This is the first time that Jesus has included himself in the name of God.
The disciples are to teach everyone to obey Christ’s commands. The good news is to be expressed.
How the Gospel of Matthew Can Transform Your Life
Hundreds of years of expectation and struggle surrounded Jesus, from his birth through his ascension. Jesus continually redefined expectations, bringing the hopes of God’s people more in line with God’s character. Jesus’ agenda was so much larger than simply creating an Israel politically independent of Rome—he wasn’t just a messiah like David—and yet it must have looked so much smaller than all the national hopes and dreams he awakened. This Messiah looks different than we expect.
The kingdom Jesus inaugurated was a reality: where the King’s will is done and his kingdom flourishes—and it was eternal. It wasn’t just earthly restoration—it was eternal restoration in heaven, for all who believe and for creation itself.
Rather than simply teaching the law of Moses, Jesus fulfilled it. And then he taught the true meaning of the law to a world wounded by sin and death; this meant a focus on love, grace, and life.
As Messiah, Jesus brought healing of the soul and body, and to our relationships. Those who heard and did what Jesus said and did would find their lives reflecting God’s peace. Jesus disappointed his contemporaries by offering them a gift far greater than they would have expected: himself, the Savior.
In the same way, we often find that God’s agenda is very different from our expectations. Far too often we find ourselves disappointed by God’s apparent inaction while we are blind to the greatest miracle the world has ever known. God offers himself, inviting us to allow his character and power to flow through us. As we listen to and live Jesus’ teachings, we are transformed; when we take action for God, we give our world the opportunity to be transformed through God’s work in us. This is why Jesus’ ministry in Matthew comes to a close with: Make disciples of all nations. It is our duty and obligation to show our world—a world desperately in need of Jesus the Messiah, Teacher, and King—God’s kingdom. It is only in this kingdom, the one that is a complete alternative to the ideals of our world, that we find peace and love—here is where we and all others find fulfillment and salvation. God’s kingdom is all that matters.
Quote. We must trust God today, and leave the morrow entirely with Him. The present is ours; the future belongs to God.
E. M. BOUNDS
Matthew emphasizes Jesus as our Messiah and King. In Matthew 6:10, Jesus explains God’s kingdom as the place where God’s will is done on earth as it is in heaven. Think of your own life for a moment: Are you fully doing God’s will? What could you do to more fully live in the kingdom of God?
Matthew shows Jesus as the one sent by God to bring restoration to his people and his creation. What might that look like for Jesus’ disciples today? What does restoration look like? How should those who practice restoration act?
Matthew records the most challenging command Jesus ever gave his followers: “Be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” And he ultimately frames his disciples’ work as “Make disciples of all nations.” Considering Jesus’ teaching on living according to God’s character and his emphasis on restoration, what do you think he meant? What does that look like in your life today? What does it mean to give God a perfect effort?
As you consider Jesus’ roles as Messiah, Teacher, and King, pray that God will open your eyes to his ways and purposes. Pray that you will bring the good news of salvation and restoration in Jesus to those around you—ask God to grant you the ability to show others God’s kingdom in all its power and beauty.
This concludes our trip through the Gospel of Matthew. It is my sincere prayer and hope that you have found some pearls of wisdom from the first of the Gospels in the New Testament.
NEXT WEEK....We begin to look at the Book of Isaiah, sometimes called the 5th Gospel
Puskas, C. B., & Crump, D. (2008). An Introduction to the Gospels and Acts (p. 99). Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Barry, J. D., Mailhot, J., Bomar, D., Ritzema, E., & Sinclair-Wolcott, C. (Eds.). (2014). DIY Bible Study. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.
Barry, J. D., Mailhot, J., Bomar, D., Ritzema, E., & Sinclair-Wolcott, C. (Eds.). (2014). DIY Bible Study. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.
Knowles, A. (2001). The Bible guide (1st Augsburg books ed., p. 443). Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg.
Knowles, A. (2001). The Bible guide (1st Augsburg books ed., pp. 442–443). Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (Mt 27:62–66). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (Mt 27:32–61). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (Mt 27:15–31). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (Mt 27:1–14). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
HAVE A SAFE AND BLESSED WEEK:)
Ho'omaikaʻi ka Pua iā kākou
We finish the Gospel of Matthew. This is the final week in our study of the Gospel of Matthew. I pray it has helped you better understand the life of Jesus and His teachings.
For those of you who have talked with me or taken classes I teach, you know that Isaiah is a favorite of mine. With that said, beginning next week, we will be going through the Book of Isaiah. Teaching and learning the in's and out's of the Prophet. Hope you enjoy.
TRIAL OF JESUS
With the traitorous kiss of Judas Iscariot at the garden of Gethsemane, Jesus was arrested and brought before Jewish leaders (Matt 26:49–57; Mark 14:45–53; Luke 22:54; see John 18:2–13). Subsequently, He was tried by the Jewish and Roman leaders.
Jewish Trial
John recorded a preliminary examination by Annas (high priest A.D. 6–15), the father-in-law of the high priest Caiaphas (A.D. 18–37; see John 18:13–15). Annas questioned Jesus about His disciples and His teaching. Jesus did not answer his question, was then abused, and was sent as a prisoner to Caiaphas (John 18:19–24).
At Caiaphas’s house there was the gathering of the chief priests, elders, and scribes, the first of the two phases of Jesus’ trial before the Sanhedrin (Matt 26:57–68; Mark 14:53–65; Luke 22:54, 63–65).
The chief priests sought for those who would falsely testify against Jesus in order to put Him to death. Finally, two agreed to testify that Jesus had stated that He would destroy the temple and build it in three days. The high priest questioned Jesus on this, but He made no reply. Next, the high priest asked Jesus if He would make a claim that He was the Christ, Son of God. Jesus replied by stating that He was the Christ and further elaborated by referring to Himself as the “Son of Man” and predicting His future role from Daniel 7:13 and Psalm 110:1 as being seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.
Caiaphas, tearing his robe, interpreted Jesus’ claim as putting Himself on par with God and thus a blasphemy worthy of death. The soldiers mocked Jesus and spat on Him. Immediately after this it is recorded that Peter three times denied that he was a disciple of Jesus (Matt 26:69–75; Mark 14:66–72; Luke 22:55–62).
A second meeting of the Sanhedrin occurred the next morning, Friday, in order to find some semblance of legality to the verdict reached in the previous night trial and make an official brief for the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate (Matt 27:1–2; Mark 15:1; Luke 22:66–23:1).
According to Luke’s account the morning trial rehearsed the previous night’s trial with the exclusion of calling for false witnesses. The only charge they had against Jesus was one of blasphemy. However, the Sanhedrin lacked the power to carry out the death penalty, which was the Roman prefect’s prerogative (John 18:31). Hence, they brought Jesus to Pilate.
Roman Trial
Death may have been a valid punishment for blasphemy in terms of the Jewish law, but that would have been of little interest to Rome. New charges had to be formulated for Pilate (Matt 27:11–14; Mark 15:2–5; Luke 23:2–5; John 18:29–38).
Three accusations against Jesus were presented to Pilate: perverting the nation, forbidding the payment of tribute to Caesar, and proclaiming His kingship (Luke 23:2). Only the last one was of concern to Pilate. He questioned Jesus directly on this point, but Jesus did not answer him.
Being suspicious of the Jewish leaders’ motive for their accusations (Matt 27:13, 18; Mark 15:4, 10), Pilate found Jesus innocent. The Jewish leaders insisted that Jesus stirred up the people in Judea and Galilee. When Pilate heard that he was a Galilean, he sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, who was in Jerusalem for the Passover (Luke 23:5–7).
Although according to Roman law the accused was to be tried in the province of his misdeeds and not the province of his home, Pilate nevertheless sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, who ruled over Galilee. The reason for this was that Herod Antipas had recently reported to Tiberius that Pilate had caused an unnecessary riot in Jerusalem (Philo, Legatio ad Gaium, 299–305). Pilate did not want to make another wrong move that Herod Antipas could relate to the emperor.
On the other hand, Herod Antipas did not want to make a wrong move so that Pilate could tattle on him. In fact, both Pilate and Herod Antipas realized that any reporting done by either could jeopardize either or both of them, thus they made peace and became friends (Luke 23:8–12). It is not difficult to understand why there was no progress in this trial.
Jesus was returned to Pilate (Luke 23:13–16). Since the Jewish leaders were not placated by Pilate’s sending Jesus to Herod Antipas, Pilate tried to extricate himself by flogging and releasing Jesus (Luke 23:16, 22). Finally he attempted to release Him as an act of clemency at the Passover (Matt 27:15–23; Mark 15:6–14; Luke 23:17–23; John 18:39–40).
Although Pilate repeatedly confessed Jesus’ innocence (Luke 23:14–15, 22), the crowd was not satisfied until he released Barabbas, scourged Jesus, and delivered him to be crucified (Matt 27:24–26; Mark 15:15; Luke 23:24–25; John 19:16).
Responsibility for the trial, or mistrial, of Jesus rests squarely on both the Jewish and Roman authorities.
Jesus Delivered to Pilate
27 When morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death. 2 And they bound him and led him away and delivered him over to Pilate the governor.
Judas Hangs Himself
3 Then when Judas, his betrayer, saw that Jesus was condemned, he changed his mind and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders, 4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” They said, “What is that to us? See to it yourself.” 5 And throwing down the pieces of silver into the temple, he departed, and he went and hanged himself. 6 But the chief priests, taking the pieces of silver, said, “It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, since it is blood money.” 7 So they took counsel and bought with them the potter’s field as a burial place for strangers. 8 Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9 Then was fulfilled what had been spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, saying, “And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him on whom a price had been set by some of the sons of Israel, 10 and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord directed me.”
Jesus Before Pilate
11 Now Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus said, “You have said so.” 12 But when he was accused by the chief priests and elders, he gave no answer. 13 Then Pilate said to him, “Do you not hear how many things they testify against you?” 14 But he gave him no answer, not even to a single charge, so that the governor was greatly amazed.
The Crowd Chooses Barabbas
15 Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release for the crowd any one prisoner whom they wanted. 16 And they had then a notorious prisoner called Barabbas. 17 So when they had gathered, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you: Barabbas, or Jesus who is called Christ?” 18 For he knew that it was out of envy that they had delivered him up. 19 Besides, while he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent word to him, “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered much because of him today in a dream.” 20 Now the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for Barabbas and destroy Jesus. 21 The governor again said to them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” And they said, “Barabbas.” 22 Pilate said to them, “Then what shall I do with Jesus who is called Christ?” They all said, “Let him be crucified!” 23 And he said, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they shouted all the more, “Let him be crucified!”
Pilate Delivers Jesus to Be Crucified
24 So when Pilate saw that he was gaining nothing, but rather that a riot was beginning, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying, “I am innocent of this man’s blood; see to it yourselves.” 25 And all the people answered, “His blood be on us and on our children!” 26 Then he released for them Barabbas, and having scourged Jesus, delivered him to be crucified.
Jesus Is Mocked
27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the governor’s headquarters, and they gathered the whole battalion before him. 28 And they stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him, 29 and twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30 And they spit on him and took the reed and struck him on the head. 31 And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the robe and put his own clothes on him and led him away to crucify him.
The Crucifixion
32 pAs they went out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name. They compelled this man to carry his cross. 33 And when they came to a place called Golgotha (which means Place of a Skull), 34 they offered him wine to drink, mixed with gall, but when he tasted it, he would not drink it. 35 And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. 36 Then they sat down and kept watch over him there. 37 And over his head they put the charge against him, which read, “This is Jesus, the King of the Jews.” 38 Then two robbers were crucified with him, one on the right and one on the left. 39 And those who passed by derided him, wagging their heads 40 and saying, “You who would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross.” 41 So also the chief priests, with the scribes and elders, mocked him, saying, 42 “He saved others; he cannot save himself. He is the King of Israel; let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43 He trusts in God; let God deliver him now, if he desires him. For he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ” 44 And the robbers who were crucified with him also reviled him in the same way.
The Death of Jesus
45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 47 And some of the bystanders, hearing it, said, “This man is calling Elijah.” 48 And one of them at once ran and took a sponge, filled it with sour wine, and put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink. 49 But the others said, “Wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to save him.” 50 And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice and yielded up his spirit.
51 And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split. 52 The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised, 53 and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many. 54 When the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus, saw the earthquake and what took place, they were filled with awe and said, “Truly this was the Son of God!”
55 There were also many women there, looking on from a distance, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering to him, 56 among whom were Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Joseph and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
Jesus Is Buried
57 When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who also was a disciple of Jesus. 58 He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him. 59 And Joseph took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen shroud 60 and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut in the rock. And he rolled a great stone to the entrance of the tomb and went away. 61 Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were there, sitting opposite the tomb.
The Guard at the Tomb
62 The next day, that is, after the day of Preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered before Pilate 63 and said, “Sir, we remember how that impostor said, while he was still alive, ‘After three days I will rise.’ 64 Therefore order the tomb to be made secure until the third day, lest his disciples go and steal him away and tell the people, ‘He has risen from the dead,’ and the last fraud will be worse than the first.” 65 Pilate said to them, “You have a guard of soldiers. Go, make it as secure as you can.” 66 So they went and made the tomb secure by sealing the stone and setting a guard.
Mission to the Gentiles
Finally, Matthew’s gospel contains a tension between the particularism of God’s covenant with Abraham and the universalism of the church’s mission to the Gentiles. On the one hand, Jesus twice explains that his ministry was limited to the Jews and was not for Gentiles (10:5–6; 15:24–26). On the other hand, there are numerous references to God’s exclusion of stubborn Israel (3:9; 8:11–12; 11:20–24; 12:41–42; 13:14–15; 21:41–43; 22:3, 8; 23:5–38; 27:25), while believing Gentiles enter the kingdom. For example, Rahab and Ruth, both Gentiles, appear in Jesus’ genealogy (1:5); the pagan “Magi” (the standard term for a magician or sorcerer) arrive to worship the infant Jesus, while Jerusalem’s leaders remain unaware of his birth (2:1–12); and the gospel concludes with a charge for worldwide missions: “Go … and make disciples of all nations!” (28:19; see also 4:15–16, 25; 8:5–13; 10:18–20; 12:18–21; 13:37–38; 15:21–28; 21:43; 22:1–10; 24:14; 27:54).
The apparent tension is resolved in Matthew’s conviction that the OT hope of God’s kingdom becoming a light for all nations is now realized in Jesus (12:15–21, in fulfillment of Isa 42:1–4). The Messiah offered himself first to the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in fulfillment of God’s covenant promises. After Jesus’ final rejection in Jerusalem, however, the gospel is extended universally to all “outsiders.”15 This gospel mission created an ongoing challenge for Matthew’s community: offering a Jewish Messiah, largely ignored by Judaism, to the pagan Gentile world.
The Resurrection
28 Now after the Sabbath, toward the dawn of the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb. 2 And behold, there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled back the stone and sat on it. 3 His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow. 4 And for fear of him the guards trembled and became like dead men. 5 But the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you seek Jesus who was crucified. 6 He is not here, for he has risen, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay. 7 Then go quickly and tell his disciples that he has risen from the dead, and behold, he is going before you to Galilee; there you will see him. See, I have told you.” 8 So they departed quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. 9 And behold, Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him. 10 Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid; go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee, and there they will see me.”
The Report of the Guard
11 While they were going, behold, some of the guard went into the city and told the chief priests all that had taken place. 12 And when they had assembled with the elders and taken counsel, they gave a sufficient sum of money to the soldiers 13 and said, “Tell people, ‘His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were asleep.’ 14 And if this comes to the governor’s ears, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble.” 15 So they took the money and did as they were directed. And this story has been spread among the Jews to this day.
The Great Commission
16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. 17 And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
The resurrection and mission of Jesus
Empty tomb and risen Lord
(28:1–10)
The sabbath is over. It is the first day of the week. Mary of Magdala and ‘the other Mary’ go to look at Jesus’ tomb. The ‘other Mary’ is the mother of James and Joseph (27:56). Matthew has already told us that they are two women who watched as Jesus died and also saw where he was buried (27:61).
There is a violent earthquake—as there was when Jesus died. An angel of the Lord appears, rolls back the stone from the entrance to the tomb and sits on it. The guards are paralysed with fear. Matthew attempts an imaginative description of the actual event—something from which the other Gospel writers hold back.
The angel explains to the women that Jesus is no longer in the tomb. He shows them the place where his body had been laid—as they well remember. He urges them to tell the other disciples that Jesus is risen from death and will see them in Galilee.
None of the Gospels describes the actual resurrection of Jesus. Matthew gives the most dramatic account of the events surrounding it, with a violent earthquake and dazzling angel. The angel’s appearance is like lightning and his clothes as white as snow. This is how some of the Bible writers describe the indescribable—the glory of heaven appearing on earth. This angel is God at work.
As time goes by, there will be more sensational versions of this story, as people strive to convey a unique and world-changing event. Compared with these, Matthew’s account is relatively simple and restrained. Even so, he conveys the earth-shaking power and stunned bewilderment of the first Easter morning.
As the women hurry from the tomb, Jesus meets them. Matthew doesn’t describe his appearance, but says that the women worship him and are able to hold his feet. He is present with them, alive and tangible.
Jesus’ greeting is downbeat and informal, like saying, ‘Hello.’ He tells the women not to be afraid, and sends a message to his disciples, whom he calls ‘my brothers’. The denials and desertions of the last few days have done nothing to dim his love for them or change their relationship. He promises to meet them in Galilee.
It is exciting that Jesus asks women to be his witnesses. Their evidence would not be allowed in a Jewish court. It is also striking that he prefers to appear in Galilee, rather than Jerusalem. The risen Christ is challenging assumptions about people and places.
Matthew has already quoted Isaiah’s words about Galilee, which is regarded by strict Jews as cosmopolitan and corrupt:
The people walking in darkness
have seen a great light;
on those living in the land of the shadow of death
a light has dawned (Isaiah 9:2).
While Jerusalem rejects and kills God’s Messiah, Galilee is a place of new beginnings.
An attempt to conceal the truth
(28:11–15)
Matthew concludes his story about the guards. They go to the chief priests and tell them what has happened. The priests bribe them to say that the disciples stole Jesus’ body while they were asleep. Matthew is concerned that, years later, this damaging lie is still being circulated among the Jews.
The great commission
(28:16–20)
The eleven disciples meet with Jesus on a mountain in Galilee. It was on a mountain that Jesus gave them his new commandments. Matthew likes to show Jesus as the new Moses.
Matthew captures the moment when the disciples first see Jesus in his risen life. The truth dawns on them slowly—some worshipping, while others hesitate.
Jesus tells them that he is now the Lord of all things. Satan had once offered him ‘all the kingdoms of the world and their splendour’ (4:8). Now Jesus has all authority both on earth and in heaven.
Jesus commissions his disciples to continue his work. They are to go to all nations now—not just Israel, as in the past. The gospel is for the Gentiles too. They are to baptize all people, as a sign that they belong to Christ and are clean and ready for his return. This baptism is to be in the name of the one God, who is Father, Son and Holy Spirit. This is the first time that Jesus has included himself in the name of God.
The disciples are to teach everyone to obey Christ’s commands. The good news is to be expressed.
How the Gospel of Matthew Can Transform Your Life
Hundreds of years of expectation and struggle surrounded Jesus, from his birth through his ascension. Jesus continually redefined expectations, bringing the hopes of God’s people more in line with God’s character. Jesus’ agenda was so much larger than simply creating an Israel politically independent of Rome—he wasn’t just a messiah like David—and yet it must have looked so much smaller than all the national hopes and dreams he awakened. This Messiah looks different than we expect.
The kingdom Jesus inaugurated was a reality: where the King’s will is done and his kingdom flourishes—and it was eternal. It wasn’t just earthly restoration—it was eternal restoration in heaven, for all who believe and for creation itself.
Rather than simply teaching the law of Moses, Jesus fulfilled it. And then he taught the true meaning of the law to a world wounded by sin and death; this meant a focus on love, grace, and life.
As Messiah, Jesus brought healing of the soul and body, and to our relationships. Those who heard and did what Jesus said and did would find their lives reflecting God’s peace. Jesus disappointed his contemporaries by offering them a gift far greater than they would have expected: himself, the Savior.
In the same way, we often find that God’s agenda is very different from our expectations. Far too often we find ourselves disappointed by God’s apparent inaction while we are blind to the greatest miracle the world has ever known. God offers himself, inviting us to allow his character and power to flow through us. As we listen to and live Jesus’ teachings, we are transformed; when we take action for God, we give our world the opportunity to be transformed through God’s work in us. This is why Jesus’ ministry in Matthew comes to a close with: Make disciples of all nations. It is our duty and obligation to show our world—a world desperately in need of Jesus the Messiah, Teacher, and King—God’s kingdom. It is only in this kingdom, the one that is a complete alternative to the ideals of our world, that we find peace and love—here is where we and all others find fulfillment and salvation. God’s kingdom is all that matters.
Quote. We must trust God today, and leave the morrow entirely with Him. The present is ours; the future belongs to God.
E. M. BOUNDS
Matthew emphasizes Jesus as our Messiah and King. In Matthew 6:10, Jesus explains God’s kingdom as the place where God’s will is done on earth as it is in heaven. Think of your own life for a moment: Are you fully doing God’s will? What could you do to more fully live in the kingdom of God?
Matthew shows Jesus as the one sent by God to bring restoration to his people and his creation. What might that look like for Jesus’ disciples today? What does restoration look like? How should those who practice restoration act?
Matthew records the most challenging command Jesus ever gave his followers: “Be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” And he ultimately frames his disciples’ work as “Make disciples of all nations.” Considering Jesus’ teaching on living according to God’s character and his emphasis on restoration, what do you think he meant? What does that look like in your life today? What does it mean to give God a perfect effort?
As you consider Jesus’ roles as Messiah, Teacher, and King, pray that God will open your eyes to his ways and purposes. Pray that you will bring the good news of salvation and restoration in Jesus to those around you—ask God to grant you the ability to show others God’s kingdom in all its power and beauty.
This concludes our trip through the Gospel of Matthew. It is my sincere prayer and hope that you have found some pearls of wisdom from the first of the Gospels in the New Testament.
NEXT WEEK....We begin to look at the Book of Isaiah, sometimes called the 5th Gospel
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The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (Mt 27:62–66). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
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Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 564). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
HAVE A SAFE AND BLESSED WEEK:)
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